Inner Axis

All of Learn · Tradition

Epicureanism

Hellenistic (c. 307 BCE onward)
Epicurus · Lucretius · Philodemus

The world is atoms and void, the gods don't trouble themselves with us, and death is nothing — so the good life is a modest, friendship-rich pursuit of tranquillity and freedom from fear.

The nature of reality
Materialist. Atomism: nothing exists but atoms and void.
How we know
Empiricist. The 'canonic': sensations, feelings, and preconceptions are the tests of truth.
What makes an action rightcontested
Consequentialist. Hedonist: pleasure — understood as tranquillity (ataraxia) and absence of pain — is the measure. Not indulgence.
Where meaning comes from
Created. No cosmic purpose; a good life is cultivated, not handed down by nature.
What people are like underneath
Constrained. We are by nature pleasure-seeking, pain-avoiding creatures.
Free will
Libertarian (free will). The atomic 'swerve' (clinamen) breaks strict determinism and leaves room for free action.
The individual and the group
Individualist. 'Live unnoticed' (lathe biosas): withdraw from public ambition; private friendship is the highest social good.
How power should be arrangedcontested
Egalitarian. The Garden admitted women and enslaved people and made little of social rank.
How change should happen
Takes no fixed position. Quietist by design: Epicureans opt out of political life rather than defend or reform the order.

Marked readings are ones serious scholars dispute; the note says how. Traditions are living arguments, not fixed doctrines.

The critic of quietism: A philosophy that counsels withdrawal from public life leaves injustice unopposed; tranquillity bought by not looking can be a comfortable form of complicity.

Death is nothing to us; for that which is dissolved is without sensation, and that which lacks sensation is nothing to us.
Epicurus, Principal Doctrines (Kyriai Doxai) IICyril Bailey translation. The same claim opens the Letter to Menoeceus.
And for this cause we call pleasure the beginning and end of the blessed life.
Epicurus, Letter to Menoeceus §128Cyril Bailey translation.

Inner Axis never pins a school on you. A reading describes where your answers resemble a tradition and where they part from it — a family resemblance, not a label you carry.

Take a readingAll of Learn